20th Century

This category contains articles that discuss concepts and analyse the music of the 20th century (1900-1999). From late-Romantic into the fragmented modernist period and beyond, works by composers such as Mahler, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Berio, Lutosławski and Pärt can be found here (once we have covered them!). It also includes Film music written during this time.

Les Biches (RM25-6) – Francis Poulenc

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Musical Moments is a new series where I focus on larger works—whether in orchestration, length, or complexity—and zoom in on small sections for detailed analysis. I will choose these pieces based on what grabs my attention while listening. Once I find an interesting moment, I isolate it and explore why it stands out to me, […]

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Melanie Bonis painting cutout sits in front of a full moon that is obscured by the branches of a tree.

Nocturne from Scénes de la Fôret – Mélanie Bonis

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RYl4GcKe5Y&ab_channel=AnyOldMusic Today, I thought we’d take a look at a piece that captured my eye, because it was recently uploaded by Cmaj7 as a score video, to YouTube, and score, to IMSLP. The piece is the opening Nocturne movement from Scènes de la Fôret (Forest Scenes) by French composer, Mélanie Bonis.  A composer with a

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Sergei Prokofiev looks towards as three horses pull a sleigh across a snowy backdrop.

Troika from Lieutenant Kijé (suite) (1934) – Sergei Prokofiev

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Late in 1932, Sergei Prokofiev was approached by the Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad) based film studio Belgoskino Studios and commissioned to score their upcoming film Lieutenant Kijé. To be produced and released in 1933, it came at a time where Prokofiev, who lived in Paris and had been away from his native country for nearly a

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Ralph Vaughan Williams looks towards us, ahead of Lazarus, whose sore legs are being licked by dogs.

Ralph Vaughan Williams – Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus (Bitesize Orchestration Analysis)

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It’s easy, when composing for something like a string orchestra to simply think of it as 5-parts: the 1st Violins, 2nd Violins, Violas, Cellos and Double Basses. Yet, these sections of a string orchestra are made up of several players. In his composition Dives and Lazarus, Vaughan Williams experiments with this fact, doubling solo lines,

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Arvo Pärt embraces contemplation amidst a mosaic sky.

Arvo Pärt – Für Alina (Bitesize Music Composition Analysis)

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In their 1976 composition, Für Alina, for solo piano, Arvo Pärt introduced the world to his algorithmic technique, tintinnabuli. At first glance, the technique’s use in Für Alina looks similar to a two-part first-species counterpoint exercise. On closer inspection, however, one can see the two voices move in similar or oblique motion. Using two types

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Bernard Herrmann appears to be conducting a group who are not on the picture while a merry-go-round looks out towards a twilight sky.

Bernard Herrmann “The Merry-go-round” from “Walking Distance” (Bitesize Music Composition Analysis)

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In his 1959 Twilight Zone score, for the episode “Walking Distance”, Bernard Herrmann underscores protagonist Martin Sloan’s return to his childhood hometown. Mind-bending, Sloan slowly realises he has also travelled back in time, to when he was a child. Pursuing his child self, and meeting his parents, who are a similar age to adult Sloan,

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Composer Aaron Copland in the foreground of a mountain range scene, with a ballet dancer in the middle ground.

Aaron Copland – “Simple Gifts” (Appalachian Spring / Ballet for Martha) – Bitesize Music Composition Analysis

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In his 1944 Ballet for Martha, also known as Appalachian Spring, Aaron Copland uses the melody of the shaker song “Simple Gifts”. In the orchestral concert suite arrangement, Copland sets the melody six times. For the first two settings he places the theme against a pedal tone that oscillates between the fifth and first degrees

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Le Papillon (from Chantefleurs et Chantefables) – Witold Lutosławski – Composition Technique

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYUPk1vKxQk&ab_channel=AnyOldMusic Witold Lutosławski’s Chantefleurs et Chantefables is a song cycle for soprano voice and chamber orchestra, completed in 1991. Textually, the songs use the poetry of twentieth-century French surrealist Robert Desnos (1900 – 1944). A series of children’s poems, compiled and published posthumously in 1955, under the title Chantefables et Chantefleurs (Lutosławski reverses the title

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